Why What You Learned in Preschool Is Crucial at Work

Today a machine can perform all types of jobs, occupations that require more social skills have grown much more than others. The skills that schools teach may need to change, our education system is supposes to educate in our skills, now computers help students in every subject. Children move from art projects to science experiments to the playground in small groups, and their most important skills are sharing and negotiating with others.

Jobs that require both socializing and thinking, especially mathematically, have fared best in employment and pay. The jobs that require social skills but not math skills have also grown; lawyers and child-care workers. The jobs that have been rapidly disappearing are those that require neither social nor math skills, like manual labor.

Learning math and science is not enough, character, dependability and perseverance are as important as computers in this days.  

Women seem to have taken particular advantage of the demand for social skills routine jobs has hit women harder than men. Yet women have more successfully transitioned into collaborative jobs like managers, doctors and professors. In the past, females traditionally excel at things like social perceptiveness, emotional intelligence and working with others.

In many universities, students are assigned to small groups to complete their work. So-called flipped classrooms assign video lectures before class and reserve class for discussion or group work. The idea is that traditional lectures involve too little interaction and can be done just as well online.

Students should be prepared for the actual world of work. Maybe high schools and colleges should evaluate students the way preschools do.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/18/upshot/how-the-modern-workplace-has-become-more-like-preschool.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fscience&action=click&contentCollection=science&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=sectionfront

1. Why do you think that involve social skills are more prestige than others that are helped by machines?

2.Woman are more successful in social skills than man, give to examples of why is this?

by  Ana GALLARDO SANDERS

New Limit for Smog-Causing Emissions Isn’t as Strict as Many Had Expected

The Obama administration on Thursday unveiled a major new regulation on smog-causing emissions. The Environmental Protection Agency set the new national standard for ozone, a smog-causing gas, sunny days when chemical emissions from power plants, 70 parts per billion, tightening the standard of 75 parts per billion set in 2008. Smog has been linked to asthma, heart and lung disease, and premature death.

The new rule is Clean Air Act pollution.
They propose climate change at greenhouse gas pollution. But with the new rule, Obama administrations appears to have tempered environmental ambitions because it would sit better with business. They estimated that the annual cost of economy would be $1.4 billion, economic benefits of $2.9 billion to$5.9 billion to  because of fewer premature deaths, missed days of school and work, asthma attacks and emergency room visits.

American Petroleum Institute, have waged an all-fronts campaign to persuade the Obama administration to make the new standard as weak as possible. The groups were joined by dozens of mayors and locals.
The new rule, set at the weakest standard in the range recommended by the E.P.A.’s scientists, suggests that the industry groups were influential.

The new rules will still require the owners of factories and power plants to install costly “scrubber” technology on their smokestacks, designed to clean out the polluting chemicals. Each scrubber can cost tens of millions of dollars.At the time, Mr. Obama said the regulation would impose too severe a burden on industry and local governments at a time of economic distress. Ms. Jackson nearly resigned over the issue.

Questions:

1) Which are gone the be the positive effects of the new regulation, and the negative ones?

2) The owners of factories and other industrial companies will have to change some things for regulation for the environment, give some examples and the reason.

A cloud of Microbes surrounds a person

The bacteria that live in and on a human body create  a  microbial cloud around a person, that is different for each person.
This could be used to  identify not only the way to be  of a person, but sometimes also the persons identity.

Of three volunteers the researches found that human  bacteria,  had been from different dishes in the room. These bacteria have species like Staphylococcus epidermis, normally found on human skin, and Streptococcus oralis that enters in the mouth.

Each person's cloud contains different  types of bacteria with different  amounts  so that each human could be identified by their own different microbes.

In a upcoming experiment five of eight participants  could be identified by airbone bacteria.
Two of five people produce so much microbial material that they could be identify by the cloud bacteria that stayed  in the air ventilation.

Questions-

1-Explain why you think bacteria are good in anyways for people? And in which ways?

2- The researches found that human associated bacteria had gathered on collection dishes in the room.
These bacteria included species like Staphylococcus epidermis, often found on human skin.
Which other places or in which other ways you think bacteria are showed? Explain your answer.

Article:
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cloud-microbes-surrounds-person

By: Andrei Bucatel

A moon with seas and lakes

 

A photograph by NASA in Arizona had found 2 island on the moon of Saturn called titan. Soo really Titan is a big seas made of mainly methane and other natural gases. In 2004 Cassini took pictures of the planet and they saw many lakes, rivers and seas. While taking pictures there was a island that popped out of a lake and quickly vanished. Then they saw waves that where discovered on Saturn.

 

Titan is the only body besides the Earth that has rain carved geography that is possible to study. This explains the presences of lakes, rivers and a icy crust on the surface.

 

On august 21 there was a flyby passing 964 km above the moon Titan and it made it possible to calculate the depth of the Kraken Mare which is the largest sea on titan that was discovered. That flyby found that the sea was 200 meters deep that is a lot of methane it is estimate that is 3 times more volume than the lake superior.

 

Titan is the only known body in this solar system that holds seas and lakes. The seas on Titan are very different than the seas on earth the surface temperatures on titan is around -290 to -179

 

Marco Mastrogiuseppe of the university of Rome has found out how to measure the depth of titan using Nasa’s jet propulsion laboratory. He found  out that the island that wee see are under methane icebergs

 

In spring you will see more islands showing up on the Mare Kraken.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141111-titan-lake-island-space-science/

1: On titan there’s waves, lakes, rivers islands but maybe it’s a start of a new planet because that how our earth started “it was all started buy earth having a big seas and it developed to bee what it is now. Give some similarities on why can it turn to a planet or why it can’t turn in to a planet. Explain your answer.

 

2: Do you think that titan can have other living species judging by the climate, the size, the amount of water, or even the island that appear for couple seconds. Can this bee earth #2. Explain your answer.  

clay houses, the new way to build

building houses has been a problem for a will, but today there is a machine called the Big Delta that literally makes a house out of anything. Big Delta uses straw, dirt, mud and water to create a super cheap clay. This machine will 3D print an igloo looking house. This incredible structure stands over 40 feet tall.

The first model was the size of your hand, it made Lego size houses

Earth isn't the only place were people want to 3D print houses from local materials, there are architects who want to the same on the moon.

http://www.popsci.com/this-towering-3-d-printer-makes-clay-homes

1.Why would building houses out of clay be a good idea?

2. Architects want to build this same machine up in space would you think that this is a good idea or a bad idea? why?

Can New Food Sources save Polar Bears from Extinction?

By:  Andrew Bouchard 


  Polar bears are often the animal that represents global warming because they are largely at risk. They are at risk of extinction due to climate change. The season where the water is covered with ice is getting shorter and it is decreasing the availability of their main food source, the ringed seal. Since they cannot get food for a longer part of the year, they are beginning to starve.  
  Researchers Linda Gormezano and Robert Rockwell from the American Museum of Natural History have done research that shows that polar bears have found new food sources and have been feeding off of geese and caribou. Polar bears are adapting to their new climate. 
  During summer and spring, the ice starts to come back in.  During this time, they have to live on land and are living off of their accumulated weight. The ice free season (the season when there is no ice on the water) has gone from 120 to 180 days and 28 to 48 percent of adult polar bears starve unless they can find food.
  Caribou is a great source of food for polar bears because an adult caribou can hold a polar bear off for 27 days and a baby can hold them off for 8 days. Geese eggs are much less filling than caribou but they are also much easier to get. Polar bears are master opportunists. They are known for snacking on anything from berries to whale carcasses. In some places across the world, they have even recorded polar bears going after small bull walruses.
  This may mean in the years to come that we will be seeing a decrease in the populations of geese and caribou but this remains to be seen. But, polar bears have to do what they need to do to survive. Like Charles Darwin said, this is survival of the fittest.  

http://www.popsci.com/polar-bears-might-survive-ice-melting-by-hunting-new-prey

1. Polar bears food sources are becoming less available. What are some similar ways in which human’s food sources and production have to adapt to climate change? Explain your answer.

2. Polar bears are losing their territory due to climate change. In what other ways are humans influencing the loss of animal territories? Explain your answer.  

The Reading Brain in the Digital Age: The Science of Paper versus Screens

The problem today is that most of the people will only or most of the time read on a screen book like kindles, I-Pads, IPhones, etc. With time I think that the paper books version will disappear, but the question is: is screen book better for our brains than paper versions?

In the article that I read it explained that viral YouTube video was posted in October 2011, a-one year old was on a I-Pad sweeping her finger on the screen making the icons move. This video shows us that now even younger kids start interacting with an I-Pad or IPhone or I-Pod. Do you realize that now we give our electronic devices to kids. I started using an electronic device at the age of nine and some starts at 1! If someone or yourself are like the little girl that started using the device at an early age you might have more chances of thinking magazines are useless and really hard to understand. Why would you think magazines are useless? Because you will expect the magazine to act the same way the I-Pad did.

Even kids who never touched a tablet before will still touch the pages of the paper book or try to put the book in his mouth because babies touch everything. Today, it's not because someone only use one kind that he can't understand the other. Now the person who just uses smartphones will still reach out for a mix of paper magazines and paper books, as well as the electronic devices.

Most studies about this subject proved that we read slower, less accurately and we have more difficulties understanding what we read on screen than on paper. The difference between screens and paper are that screens have more chance to drain more of our mental resources while we are reading and it's harder to remember what we read when we are finished.


  Many people don't realize it, but most us approach a computer and tablets with our state of mind less prepared to learn than if we read on a handout a teacher gave us. In some studies, people reported that when we were trying to locate a particular piece of written information we would often remember where was the information in the text. In most cases, paper books have more obvious topography than screen book, the book present us the reader two defined domains- left and right pages- and a total of eight corner. It's easier to focus on a paper book because you can focus on a single page without losing track of where you are and you know if you are at the half of the book or not. The kindle will only tell you the number.``The implicit of where you are in a physical book turns out to be more important than we realized.`` says Abigail Sellen of Microsoft. She also said``I don't thing e-book manufacturers have thought enough about how you might visualize where you are in a book.``

  A study was published in January 2013, Anne Mangen and her colleagues asked half of 72 10th graders to read a text on paper and the other half the same text but on computer. After the students did a reading-comprehension test. The students who read on the computer got a lower grade than the student who read the test on paper. 

MY opinion is no I don't think using I-Pad to read is better for your brain even if I use it for other things. Most of the people including me will use their I-Pad for everything not just reading but also to play game or read the news, watch movies, taking pictures, drawing, etc. We think it's easier using our I-Pad or IPhones because its a small device and has a lot of function just in one thing. Even if we know which one is better adults still get or let use their one year an electronic device at this age. Instead of interacting with paper version. I hope you understand better about thus problem and that you will try to now read more paper books or use paper handouts instead of and pdf file.

You can find the article here:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/reading-paper-screens/

Discussion Questions:
1. Which one do you prefer between paper book version or kindles/I-Pad/IPhones/computer and why do you prefer this version? Give at least two reasons or examples.

2.We live in a world where everyone are using electronic devices for everything. Scientist tested the problem, even if we know which one is better we still use the computers. Do you think we should stay like this: with everyone reading or using tablets and with time paper books will probably disappear or put a balance with both of them? 
  

How Farm Life can Prevent Allergies

Asthma is a a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.  This condition is increasing all around the world so much that it can almost be considered an epidemic.

The unlikely cure might be found in farm dust. Children how grew up on dairy farms had a much smaller chance of developing asthma than the average child who did not grow up on a dairy farm.

In order to verify this, researchers from Europe have performed experiments on mice and believe that the reason for this might be bits of bacteria that are found in farm dust. The bacteria cause an inflammation in the lungs of the mice which later protects them from asthma.

By taking mice and exposing them to the dust found around farms the mice were inhaling bacteria found in the dust which resulted in fewer mice having asthma over their lives. This experiment goes against common thinking which states that in order to be healthy we need to avoid bacteria and use antibiotics as often as possible. The study is based on 26 year old idea, that overuse of antiobiotics have removed essential bacteria which helped train our immune system so that it does not overreact to foreign substances.


Pulmonologist Bart Lambrecht and immunologist Hamida Hammad believe that parts of the bacteria are inhaled by small children where a small inflammation in the lungs prevent larger, more severe inflammations from happening in the future when the children are exposed to substances which might cause a life threatening allergic reaction.

To test their theory they collected these parts of bacteria called endotoxins and allowed young mice to inhale them. They found that in fact the mice which were exposed to the endotoxins had less asthma then the mice which were not exposed to the endotoxins. The team went ever further and looked at the genetics of those mice to find that a specific gene found in mice with no asthma called A20 might be responsible for reducing the inflammation in the air passage way.

Other scientists have found that drinking raw milk also reduced asthma in children living on dairy farms and warn against the farm dust being the only possible reason for reduce asthma.

Overall it is a new piece of the puzzle to help with this growing respiratory condition that so many children around the world are developing. So do not go just yet to a farm to breathe in the fresh air hoping to reduce your asthma, but at the same time take a little break from overusing antibacterial products everywhere in your home.

You can find the article here :

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/how-farm-life-can-prevent-allergies


 Discussion Questions:

1. In their research the scientists state that bacteria are not always bad and can in some cases be a way of training our immune system to work better for the long term.  Can you think of any other situations where in order to perform better, one must be exposed to a little bit of danger in order to prevent more serious problems?

2.  We live in a world where bacteria are our enemies, yet we have thousands of them living in our stomachs. In fact when we eat yogurt or cheese we are eating food that is made by bacteria. When babies initially start interacting with their environment they explore objects by putting them in their mouth. Is there a balance that can be reached between a home that his covered in bacterial killing produces versus a home that is covered in bacteria?

Plant ‘vampires’ lay in wait

Pulling the weeds out of our gardens each summer can be a painful, task. Watching the weeds return week after week is frustrating, and always leaves me wondering why the weeds grow so easily while my beautiful flowering plants struggle to survive!

Biological researcher David Nelson used genetics to explain how weeds can act like vampires (really!) use hormone signals given off by healthy plants to attach themselves to the host plant and suck out their energy and food. While most plants use photosynthesis to make their own food for energy and metabolism, these vampire weeds actually evolved to suck energy from other plants – just like other parasites.

Nelson’s research has shown how a specific group of plants (the Orobanchaceae family) have developed sensors over time, to detect hormone signals given off by other plans and stimulate growth in the parasite plant. Understanding how these plants grow and attach themselves to crops can be very important to our society. His research could lead to developing techniques to stop the growth of parasitic plants on food crops. Think of the impact this could have on the farming and agriculture industry. To stretch it even further, it made me think of how developments like this could help developing countries secure more reliable food sources. We already know that all living things change and develop over time according to their needs – and the environment they are in. Imagine the time it must have taken for these plants to develop such skills.

Of course, detecting and reaching to certain hormonal signals is not unique to plants – animals use these signals for all sorts of things, reproduction and self-defense to name a few.

Reading about Nelson’s research really made me think past the weeds in my garden, and into the depth of the living world! There is certainly a lot to learn about life at the cellular level.

You can read the article here:
https://student.societyforscience.org/article/plant-%E2%80%98vampires%E2%80%99-lay-wait  

Discussion Questions

1)  Nelson’s research showed how hormonal signals given off by certain living things can trigger growth – can you think of other organisms that rely on hormones to indicate a period of rapid growth? Why would we want to learn more about this?

2    2) Learning more about the DNA of plants and food crops can help us modify the growing environments. It is possible we could use this information to create genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food labs and build food sources do our liking. Do you think that genetically modified food is a safe and responsible way to go?